what is the history of education in Pakistan?

Pasquale Pollet: History Of Education In Pakistan

Garrett Detone: There are two systems of education in Pakistan: traditional and modern. The traditional system, which focuses on Islam, has experienced an exponential growth since the 1970s, influenced by the wave of Islamic fundamentalism from Iran. In the late 1990s, the traditional Islamic schools, called madrassahs, came increasingly under the influence of the anti-West Taliban movement in Afghanistan. The traditional schools have multiplied tenfold, for the large part training mujahideens whom the government of General Parvez Musharraf, who assumed authority in October, 1999, has lauded as freedom fighters, ready to wage a jihad (religious war) through terrorist activities against nonbelievers. While only 4,350 madrassahs are registered with the government, the actual number has been estimated at between 40,000 to 50,000. A revealing article by U.S. anti-terrorist expert Jessica Stern in Foreign Affairs (Novembe! r-December 2000) has warned the world about the kind of "education" imparted by these "Schools of Hate" and their role in creating a "mindset" for jihad.A critical examination of the modern formal education system extending from primary to the university levels by experts ranging from the World Bank to those in research institutes in Pakistan has found the colleges in the country "sub-standard, bureaucratic, government-controlled, poor and inefficient," to quote Tariq Rahman of the National Institute of Pakistan Studies of the Quaid-I-Azam University. Such criticism fails to explain how the several hundred thousand Pakistani graduates who have migrated to the West, notably to Great Britain, the United States, and Canada, mostly as professionalsâ€"whether as doctors, engineers, pharmacists or educatorsâ€"have with only marginal additional training been able to compete with the very best in those advanced countries.Pakistan came into being when colonial British rule on the In! dian subcontinent ended in August 1947 and the two sovereign s! tates of India and Pakistan were created. Of these, Pakistan constituted two wingsâ€"West and Eastâ€"separated by more than one thousand miles of Indian territory. The new state was the result of a demand for a separate homeland for India's Muslims as articulated by the Muslim League political party and its sole spokesman, Mohammed Ali Jinnah (1876-1948). The Lahore Resolution, adopted by the Muslim League in 1940, however, had called for independent states in the northeast and northwest. That was changed by Muslim League legislators in 1946, who called for a single Muslim state, Pakistan. The new state's capital was Karachi. Partition still left one-third of the subcontinent's Muslims in India; after the separation of East Pakistan and the birth of Bangladesh in 1971, Pakistan was left with 45 percent of its original population, the number of its Muslim citizens being less than those in India.For the first 24 years of its history, Pakistan had two constituent parts: West P! akistan, comprising the four provinces of the Punjab (western half of the old Punjab), Sind, the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), and Baluchistan; and East Pakistan, comprising East Bengal, which seceded after a bitter political struggle and military conflict from Pakistan in December 1971 to become the new state of Bangladesh with 55 percent of the population. Pakistan is bounded to the west by Iran, by India to the east, China to the northeast and Afghanistan in the north. There are federally ruled territories, including the capital of Islamabad, and the country controls a part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.Pakistan traces its history of education to the advent of Islam and Islamic/Arabic culture to the Indian subcontinent with the invasion of Muhammad bin Qasim in Sind in 712 A.D.. By that time, the Arabs had already distinguished themselves not only as conquerors and administrators over vast territories in the Middle East and North Africa but eve! n more significantly as creators of a culture replete with literature, ! art, architecture, and religious studies. With the establishment of Muslim rule at Delhi in 1208 A.D., the Islamic culture made extensive inroads on the subcontinent, converting a quarter of its population to Islam over the next five centuries........................continue visit the link...Show more

Renay Billiar: Best Answer: At the time of birth in 1,947 the nation had no resources to survive and make strong education in Pakistan; however with the passage of time hundreds of institutions and training centers were established all over the country. Major two systems throughout history were introduced; traditional and modern. The traditional directed towards Islamic schools called madrassahs. The number of Islamic schools (madrassahs) has increased since 1,995 due to strong movement by Afghan Mujahidin against Western culture and modernism. These movements in Pakistan and Afghanistan have bad effects against modern culture and pressurize the nation accordingly. Some ! political parties still have soft corner about Islamic schools (madrassahs) in the country. But the state has failed to register these madrassahs all over the country and only 4,500 madrassahs are registered. Modern system has long history directed towards modern schooling from primary to university level. Due to this modern culture Pakistan has millions of doctors, engineers; bankers etc. who are serving all over the world. The nation looking preferred this modern culture on Islamic schooling. Let's have a look on following platform to view detailed essay on Pakistan Education History. http://edu-lhr.blogspot.com/2015/02/history-of-pak......Show more

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